Theresa Crater

March 17, 2014

Comenius and the Rosicrucians

In The Star Family I suggested that Comenius was a Rosicrucian, therefore having strong ties to mysticism and the Western Metaphysical tradition. How true is this?

First, who is Comenius? Born Jan Amos Komenský in 1592 in in the town of Nivnice in Moravia, a Province of Bohemia now in the Czech Republic, he was orphaned at the age of 12 after his parents died from plague. Raised in the Unity of the Brethren, known as the Moravian Church in the US, he resisted Ferdinand II’s attempts to return Bohemia and Moravia to Catholicism. He went into hiding during the Thirty Years War, and then fled to Poland where he kept what is now called “the hidden seed” of the church alive to reblossom in 1722 in Saxony.

Best known for educational reform, Comenius supported universal education for all (including women and the poor), taught logical thinking over memorization, stressed the importance of physical activity for children, compassionate guidance over harsh punishment, and developing concepts from the simple to the complex.

He espoused teaching “all things, “ a philosophy he called “Pansophia,“ “a doctrine of universal harmonies, and a connection between the inner world of man and the outer world of nature” (Yates 217). Comenius said he was influenced toward this idea and writing encyclopedias by Johann Valentin Andreae. Remember him? One of the seventeenth century founders (or publicizers) of the Rosicrucian movement.

Both Comenius and Andreae attended university at Heidelberg at the same time that Frederick and Elizabeth began their rule of the Palatine. Remember their aim was to create a Rosicrucian state there, according to Frances Yates. See how it’s all coming together? So Comenius was influenced by the Rosicrucians in his youth, and as Yates points out, the philosophy and teachings of the Unitas Fratrum most likely influenced Andreae and the Rosicrucians just as much.

He continued to read Rosicrucian documents as evidenced by his long discussion of them in his famous Labyrinth of the World (see Yates 210-219). Both Andreae and Comenius moved away from using the title “Rosicrucian” when the organization went into disfavor in Europe, but they continued to teach the same ideas.

I found the last piece of evidence that convinced me Comenius was a member, perhaps even the head, of the Rosicrucian Order in Rosicrucian Question and Answers with Complete History by Harvey Spencer Lewis, their Imperator from 1915 to 1939. In a list of “either Masters of various Lodges or [those who] assisted in bringing the mystic fraternity into their respective countries” (89), Comenius’s name is found right below Andreae’s on page 91.

Comenius lost two families to religious persecution. His library was burned twice. He lived most of his live in exile from Bohemia. He and members of his family achieved many things that I don’t have the space to discuss here. Comenius is buried in Naarden, Holland.

March 10, 2014

The Sacred Spring

The climax of The Star Family takes place at the source of a sacred spring that flows out into Washington Park. Does such a place exist?

Washington Park exists. I played in the park as a child in a mossy grotto with a creek, rocks, a couple of deep pool (well, they were deep for a child), and crayfish. Water trickled down the rocks, creating a special feel. I used to tell my friend Susan that a good witch lived there in a childish attempt to express how magical I felt the place to be.

Here’s a picture of it from 2013 when I visited in the spring. It’s much smaller than I remembered it, but I am taller now.

I don’t know the source of this creek. The little stream runs down a hill across the street from the park in a small open space that has never been built on. As far as I know, no cave exists like the one I added to the novel.

Imagine my delight when I discovered there definitely is a spring in Washington Park. Michael Breedlove talks about it in his article “Secret sites, hidden history, and natural wonders inside the city.” This spring on the hillside near Gloria Avenue used to feed Forgotten Lake in Washington Park, “a grand lake that offered sailing in the summer and ice skating in the winter.” Drained decades ago, the only remaining evidence of it is the steps to the lake on a sloping hill near the Gloria Avenue entrance. I wonder if this is the same spot. It’s hard to tell from both his description and picture.

Digital Forsyth has two images of a spring house in its archives. They come up when you search for “Washington Park,” but the captions say one is from Old Salem Park and the other says Wachovia Park, “established in 1884 out of a strip of woodland separating the Salem Academy and College and Salem Cemetery.” That’s where the May Queen used to be crowned at Salem College before that practice was stopped. I have Jane walk here with her friend Roxanne in the novel.

It’s interesting that we think we’ve made something up, but it turns out there’s some truth in it after all.

February 24, 2014

Rosicrucians, Moravians and The Thirty Years War

Last week I talked about how Frederick V and Elizabeth wanted to create an ideal court based in Rosicrucian teachings, according to Frances Yates (The Rosicrucian Enlightenment). They moved their court from Heidelberg to Prague.

The Protestant estates of Bohemia rebelled against Ferdinand, their Catholic king, in 1618. Frederick, as head of the Protestant Union, was asked to take the throne. He was crowned Frederick I, King of Bohemia, on November 4, 1619. Frederick had hoped for the support of Elizabeth’s father, the king of England, but James I did offer military assistance. The Protestant Union sealed the deal with the Treaty of Ulm in 1620, in which they promised neutrality in the war. The hope to overthrow Hapsburg and Catholic rule in Bohemia failed at the Battle of White Mountain on November 8, 1620. Frederick ruled as King of Bohemia for one year and four days, thus earning the nickname The Winter King. The imperial forces invaded the Palatinate and the royal family fled to the Dutch Republic.

The attempted to create the ideal court was defeated that day, but the dream lived on.

Members of the Unitas Fratrum, known as the Moravian Church in America, fought with Frederick during this war. “With the Peace of Westphalia at war’s end, Catholicism became the official religion of Bohemia and Moravia. The few surviving members of the Unitas Fratrum either left their homeland or worshiped in secret, becoming known as ‘The Hidden Seed’” (Determining the Facts).

How connected were the Unitas Fratrum to the Rosicrucian ideal Frederick and Elizabeth hoped to create? Let’s explore Moravian and Rosicrucian connections next week.

February 17, 2014

Yates and The Rosicrucian Enlightenment 2.0

One of the most revealing connections Yates makes in her book is the Rosicrucians were deeply involved with the attempt to overthrow Catholic and Hapsburg control over Europe. So were the Moravians, the group featured in The Star Family.

But rather than define the Rosicrucians by what they opposed, perhaps it would be better to state what they wanted to create. They were attempting to create an ideal state to preserve science, philosophy, Hermeticism, and other knowledge threatened by the Catholics. The hope? “A world order reflecting harmonious cosmic laws in which the spirit of man would be freed to pursue its God-given destiny.” (Johann Valentin Andrea and the Rosicrucians)

John Hus of Prague (1369-1415) tried to reform the Catholic Church and his efforts were rewarded with his martyrdom in 1415. Hus, a professor of philosophy and rector of the University in Prague, gave rousing sermons at The Bethlehem Chapel, where the Czech reformation centered its activities.

After Hus was burnt at the stake for heresy, the Hussite rebellion followed, which led to the founding of the Unitas Fratrum (Unity of the Brethren, known in the U.S. as the Moravian Church) in 1457. But the new movement met persecution in the 1500’s, and many fled to exile in Poland. “By 1557 there were three provinces of the church: Bohemia, Moravia and Poland. The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) brought further persecution to the Brethren’s Church, and the Protestants of Bohemia were severely defeated at the battle of White Mountain in 1620.” (A Brief History of the Moravian Church)

As it turns out, the Thirty Years War was also connected to the Rosicrucians. Here’s how.

Queen Elizabeth had allied herself with the Netherlands and with German and French Protestants in opposition to Hapsburg aggression in Europe, backed by the Catholic Church. After Elizabeth’s death, Prince James VI of Scotland became King James I of England. His daughter, Princess Elizabeth, married Frederick V, Elector Palatine of the Rhine.

This union was supposed to unite Protestant England with Protestant Germany in anticipation of the end of the truce in 1621 between Spain and the Netherlands. The Catholics were preparing for a new assault against what they termed heresy, and they supported the Hapsburgs with this new war in mind. The new couple progressed from London through the Netherlands to Heidelberg, where they established their court.

During this same time, the Rosicrucian manifestos were published in Germany by Johann Valentin Andrea. The first public document was the Fama Fraternitatis Rosae Crucis, which appeared in 1614, followed in 1615 by the Confessio Fraternitatis. In 1616 the Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz was published. These documents brought the Rosicrucian teachings to the public. These teachings were designed to awaken and expand human consciousness, to connect the individual mind with the universal, and reconcile human awareness with the basic principles of the laws of nature. Yes, I named Valentin Knight after Andrea and a modern mystic.

Frederick and Elizabeth wanted to create “a culture, a ‘Rosicrucian’ state with its court centered on Heidelberg” (Yates). So how did they get to Prague and how did the Thirty Years War start? Check out next week’s blog for more.

February 10, 2014

Frances Yates and The Rosicrucian Enlightenment

Frances Yates’ book on the importance of the Rosicrucians in the European Enlightenment became a critical part of my research for The Star Family. She helped deepen my conviction that several important Moravian church leaders were also part of the Western Mystery tradition. The book also traced important links between the Thirty Years’ War and this group of mystics.

Dame Frances Yates taught history at University College London in the Warburg Institute. Her work focused on esoteric history. Born in 1899 in Southsea, Yates was the eldest of four children.

She was educated at home, although an older sister attended Girton College at Cambridge, the women’s college Virginia Woolf made famous in her essay A Room of One’s Own. (It might have been famous already.) Yates got her degree in French through correspondence courses at University College, London, then in 1926, an MA in French Theatre.

I do not know where she received her esoteric training, but through reading her work, it is obvious she had an excellent grounding in the western metaphysical tradition. I’ll bet somebody out there knows. (Hint, hint.)

Many now claim that Yates founded a paradigm. She argued that Renaissance hermeticism, or Rosicrucian teachings, formed an important part of European culture. They led to the development of science, which Wouter Hanegraaff claims then dismissed its parent. (Yes, even theories have Oedipal complexes.) While scholars argue that there is no unified esoteric tradition (without really studying it, I might add), even the most mainstream historian will admit that Yates did bring the Rosicrucians into the scholarly discussion of the period, clearly showing how important their teachings were.

Her major works include Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition (1964), The Art of Memory (1966), and The Rosicrucian Enlightenment (1972).

In the next blog, I’ll explore some of the elements in this last book that relate to the Moravian church and The Star Family.

February 5, 2014

Moravian Writers’ Conference

I will be a panelist at the Moravian Writers’ Conference in Bethlehem, PA in June. My panel is called “Writing Moravians: Stories from the Archives.” I’ll be talking about the research behind my novel The Star Family with writers from Lehigh University and Craig Atwood, from Moravian College. Craig researched the period in Moravian history that inspired me to write The Star Family, and I’m looking forward to talking with him more.

Come join us in Bethlehem the first weekend of June.

February 1, 2014

Interview with Cynthia R. Richards

Please welcome fantasy and horror writer Cynthia R. Richards to the blog today.

Tell us a little about yourself.

My literary career began when I interned as a part-time columnist for a small entertainment newspaper in college (a long, long time ago). I wore several hats: food critic, entertainment reviewer and cranky editor. Freelance Journalism wasn’t for me though (I enjoyed eating too much), so I eventually entered the Information Technology field as a computer programmer. Somehow I fell in with the wrong crowd and became the dreaded Project Manager.

A co-author of horror and urban fantasy novels, my first solo fiction project – Phantom Harvest – was published by Whiskey Creek Press in 2013. My book baby is up for an EPIC EBOOK Award for Best Fantasy of 2014. I’m an active member of EPIC and Rocky Mountain Fiction Writers.

Please tell us about your latest book?

Phantom Harvest, Book One in the Mutant Casebook Series, introduces the dangerous and diverse Mutant World. Created by an atomic test gone horribly wrong, the “Calamity” ripped a hole in reality. Humans torn from their homes were split apart into many versions of themselves. Some theorized that a devious intelligence based the human mutations on the person’s core nature. Many of them became Dark Elves. These beautiful, ruthless beings took control. They established a corrupt governing body and built the city of New Athens. Other types of mutants made up the dregs of their new society. Some stayed within the protection of the city. Others, criminals and vicious killers, migrated to the savage wilderness known as the Outskirts.

Gideon, a half-breed mutant with a surly temper and rotten luck, struggles to scrape a living as a tracker in the desolate territory near the gateway to the human world. Business seems to be picking up when Gideon is approached by a powerful dark elf with deep pockets and a serious problem. Human miners at the dark elf’s plant are being taken by an elusive predator. Gideon is pressured to find the killer before word of the disappearances reaches the human world, endangering the tense relationship between their two races. But, nothing is simple this close to the conduit between worlds. Archangel, a ruthless mercenary operating in the secret sectors of mutant society, has set his own deadly game in motion.

Surrounded by savage wilderness and cut off from contact with civilization, Gideon must find a way to protect his friends and survive to collect his bounty.

Does this book fit into a series? What is the focus of that series?

Phantom Harvest is the first book in the Mutant Casebook Series. It introduces the dangerous and diverse Mutant World. The series is based upon the exploits of Gideon and his adopted father, Hiroshi.

How did you prepare to write about the book’s specific area or field of study?

The Mutant Casebook Series is based on a “What If” scenario. What if atomic testing in the 1950s went wrong and there was an accident that ripped a hole in reality? Humans were pulled into another world. Their molecular structure mutated, giving them extraordinary power and changing their bodies to fit their new environment. How would the mutated humans cope? Would they cling to their old lives, building cities and developing governments? Or would they simply succumb to animal behavior?

While this book is a Fantasy, it is strongly based in the sciences. I did research on genetics, quantum physics and astronomy. My day job centers around information technology and medicine. Of course there was the historical research of Area 51 and Japanese Internment Camps. This really was a fascinating and fun project

What are you working on right now?

I’m juggling two literary projects right now. Pariah is the first book in a new dark fantasy series. Millennia have passed since the corrupt of Seelie society were banished from Otherworld. Abandoned in the Human Realm, their descendants keep to the shadows, controlling criminal organizations and governments in secret.

The Second project I’m working on is Vendetta, Book Two in the Mutant Casebook Series. This time the boys are in the Mutant city of New Athens. Low on cash, Gideon reluctantly agrees to take on a missing persons case. Someone makes it clear they don’t want the guy found as attempts on Hiroshi’s life begin.

Author Website – http://crrichards.com

Author Blog – http://deepthoughtsandjunk.wordpress.com/

FB Author Page – https://www.facebook.com/authorcrrichards

Twitter – @CR_Richards

Amazon Author Page – http://www.amazon.com/-/e/B00BA159W2

Purchase Information

Mayan Goddess Ixchel Comes to LA in New Short Story

WHITE MOON (A Short Story), by Theresa Crater

When you call the Ancient Ones, sometimes they come. Mason and Gail struggle to reignite their passion. Jacqueline has a surprise encounter with the love of her youth. When Mayan Goddess Ixchel comes for her divine lover, lost in human form, she spreads magic in her wake.

Previously published in Ride the Moon.

$2.99 at Amazon, B&N, Kobo, Apple